The topic of space colonization—on Mars or elsewhere—is strongly debated. Some contend that space colonization is one method that humans can fulfill their moral obligation to prevent the extinction of our species. Some contend that space travel is unreal and that rather than risking the destruction of another planet or moon, we should focus on enhancing life on Earth. 

There would be several advantages for our society if we established a colony on Mars. The first, and most prominent, approach is that the establishment of a colony on Mars would be the first instance of human settlement outside of Earth. This would be the greatest historical accomplishment to date and probably a moment in time we would never forget. In addition to demonstrating the viability of the project, a settlement on Mars would open the door for future colonizations of other planets and moons, both inside and beyond our solar system.

In addition, throughout the past few centuries, the global population has grown tremendously. According to UN estimates, there will be 9.8 billion people on Earth in 2050 and 11.2 billion in 2100. There's no denying that society will suffer at this rapid rate of growth because Earth's resources are finite. Colonization of Mars, on the other hand, would increase the likelihood that humans will survive in the event that Earth's sustainability is compromised by shifting the planet's population to Mars.

A Mars settlement would have a significant impact on scientific studies as well. New and creative developments in science and technology are needed if humans are to achieve these new heights as they try to travel farther and farther into space. For instance, NASA has been releasing a report called Spin Off each year since 1976 that highlights innovative innovations developed as a result of NASA research. As of 2016, the Spinoff database had over 1,920 goods that were the result of technological advancements achieved by NASA scientists.  

Regretfully, there are risks involved with any endeavor of this scale. And even if we make every effort to anticipate and reduce such risks, the worst-case scenario is always a possibility. The Martian environment presents some of the primary concerns associated with the colonization process itself. The population of Mars might need to be protected from radiation that permeates the ecosystem further to the tough weather and temperatures that can occur there due to the fact the planet does not have a completely thick ecosystem. Mars has gravity that is 38% of Earth's, and this has a significant effect on human anatomy. It additionally outcomes in fluid redistribution, motion sickness, and bone and muscular weakening.

The human element is any other factor that poses a risk. Many scientists and engineers work to create a gadget that is fault tolerant, but sometimes small mistakes could cause a first-rate disaster. For instance, on January 28, 1986, O-rings that seal the booster failed, killing the team contributors of NASA's space shuttle Challenger in the course of the release. Lack of testing and insufficient expertise launching the space shuttle in a particular environment were the key causes. Thus, malfunctions in the system intended for Mars exploration could result in catastrophic events.